Category: Archival Conservation

Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation, Paper conservation

Sellotape: How it deteriorates and changes with time

  What is sellotape?  Sellotape is basically a brand of transparent, polypropylene-based, pressure-sensitive tape. But, this term is also used for any such pressure sensitive tape of any brand. Sellotape is generally used for joining, sealing, attaching and mending.The older version of sellotape has shown some changes in its physical and chemical properties over a longer period of time due to ageing. Initially such tapes … Continue reading Sellotape: How it deteriorates and changes with time

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Sticky post
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation

Preservation of a scrapbook of important records

This blog post is about the conservation and preservation of a scrapbook/album with extremely important documents, pictures and maps, that was breaking into pieces because of ageing and brittleness. During initial observations it was found that it is extremely difficult to remove the originals from the brittle backing because the adhesive had turned acidic, brown and quite insoluble. We found that the adhesive used to … Continue reading Preservation of a scrapbook of important records

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation, Photograph Conservation

Conservation and Preservation of an archival scrapbook

An important record of an organization, in the form of a scrap book, was brought to our lab for treatment and preservation. The data was important and the originals need to be rescued from further deterioration. The pictures, maps and documents in this scrapbook were pasted with an acidic glue to the black paper of a photo album. The glue could be confirmed as acidic … Continue reading Conservation and Preservation of an archival scrapbook

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation

Preservation of Archival scrapbook

A scrap book, which was extremely important for the archives, was brought to our lab for treatment and preservation. The data and photographs were important and these original records need to be rescued from further deterioration. The pictures, maps and documents in this scrapbook were pasted with an acidic glue to the black paper of a photo album. The acidic nature of glue could be … Continue reading Preservation of Archival scrapbook

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Photograph Conservation

Life-size photograph from late nineteenth or early twentieth century

Condition Assessment and Treatment Record A Life -size photograph print that came for treatment to our lab could not be taken inside immediately at its arrival, as it had live termite all over it. All the life stages of a termite could be seen on the huge framed photograph. It was extremely difficult to control the flying termites that were all over our heads. The … Continue reading Life-size photograph from late nineteenth or early twentieth century

namitajaspal1 Comment
Anoxia for museum collections, Archival Conservation, Conservation of Paper paintings, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation

Bookworms love spines of books and hate anoxic environment

Its our experience that insects that damage books are mainly attacking spine. This is because the spine receives liberal amount of adhesive while book making. After eradicating all the various stages of insects thriving in the books, book conservators repair damaged and deteriorated bound materials. We treat them further so that readers/researchers can consult them without further damage. Artistic features of a book, such as … Continue reading Bookworms love spines of books and hate anoxic environment

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Sticky post
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation

Aspergillus niger and Paper

Aspergillus niger is one of the most active cellulolytic fungi. The roll of drawings in the above picture is mainly infested by A. niger and Chaetomium sp. as identified from the cultures isolated from the deteriorating inner-side of the roll. This culture was maintained on potato dextrose agar slants. Following are the digital pictures of the portions of the slides that were studied under a … Continue reading Aspergillus niger and Paper

namitajaspal2 Comments
Archival Conservation, Conservation of Paper paintings, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation

Paper burnt or eaten?

  This black powdery sheet (!) is not burnt paper, but, paper eaten by fungus. Cellulolytic microorganisms are hiding nicely all around us and are much more destructively powerful than we can expect from the tiny spores. Storage enclosures that were designed and created for protection turned out to be actually working with the deteriogens (deteriorating micro-organisms), by providing them not just the ideal and … Continue reading Paper burnt or eaten?

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Archival Conservation, Conservation of Paper paintings, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation

Removing Foxing is doable, but needs thorough understanding and patience too…

In paper conservation literature, there are many ways and materials advised to be used to remove foxing or at least lighten its scars. Here i am not going to suggest what to use, but would like to mention the importance of a thorough knowledge of chemistry and physics too apart from the deep appreciation of the art work and its technique! The conservator must know … Continue reading Removing Foxing is doable, but needs thorough understanding and patience too…

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation

Foxing

That peculiar smell/odor when some old books are opened, might at times be associated with mold and foxing. We come across books with foxing that may have very strong odor. All old books have vellichor, but some have stronger musty odor. Foxing is an age-related process of deterioration that causes spots and browning on old paper documents and books. The name may derive from the … Continue reading Foxing

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation

BoPET: Mylar/Melinex/Hostaphan

All the conservation labs/workshops have mylar or melinex as the most commonly used material while treatment procedures as well as in packaging and safe storage or display etc. Such widely and frequently used material is known to all by these trade names (Mylar and Melinex), but not many know the exact properties and actual name of this material. The actual name is Biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate … Continue reading BoPET: Mylar/Melinex/Hostaphan

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation

Case study of conservation of a map

Info from the print Condition Assessment We received the map in a folded form. There was some adhesive residue visible on the outside. On opening of the very first fold we found that due to the application of some adhesive, the folds were stuck to each other. There was an attempt in past, by someone to open it up despite the stuck-up condition. So, the … Continue reading Case study of conservation of a map

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation

Paper and book conservation – Part 9

Finally, all the books that came to our lab have been restored and given a kind of new life. They are going back to the library tomorrow morning. Following is a re-sharing of a summary of all the conservation processes performed in our lab: Team Heritage Preservation Atelier had a challenging task of conservation of a set of books that could not be digitized by … Continue reading Paper and book conservation – Part 9

namitajaspal2 Comments
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation

Team working towards final steps of an intense task of books’ conservation

Team Heritage Preservation Atelier had a challenging task of conservation of a set of books that could not be digitized by a library because of the extremely brittle pages and stuck up and deteriorated condition. We started with making a detailed condition assessment report. After initial documentation, we opened up the worn out and damaged binding and treated each and every folio individually. Damaged signatures … Continue reading Team working towards final steps of an intense task of books’ conservation

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation

Studying Paper for presence of watermark and bluish tinge: Case of 150 years old drawing

The drawing under study is made in 1868 (as evident from the signature) and the watermark mentions the paper manufacturing year to be 1866. ‘Watermarks’ are markings put into paper during its production, by making thinner or thicker  layer of pulp when it is still wet. It becomes visible when paper seen with light source at the back of the paper. This drawing was created … Continue reading Studying Paper for presence of watermark and bluish tinge: Case of 150 years old drawing

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation

Case of a 150 year old engineering drawing

June 26, 2018   By Manit When we first saw the drawing on site, it appeared to be in a fairly good condition. Once it arrived in our conservation lab and we started a thorough diagnosis, there were a lot many observations and analytical details that were required to be considered before any treatment methodology could be prescribed or finalized. In this blog post we … Continue reading Case of a 150 year old engineering drawing

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Miniature paintings, Painting Conservation

one little observation while studying old miniature paintings

At times we find old sticky tape which leaves almost no adhesive on paper and does not make the paper brittle; instead, it makes its own plastic base brittle. Is this because of the adhesive chemistry itself or because of the pigment on the paper it is applied on? Continue reading one little observation while studying old miniature paintings

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Archival Conservation, Conservation of Paper paintings, Heritage Conservation, Museums

Paper paintings and mounting issues

  We have learned while specializing in the field of conservation of cultural property (more specifically art, in the present discussion), about the specific type of material that should be used while mounting a painting on paper. The technique also matters a lot. One common technique of mounting involves creating ‘hinges’ on the mount board at the back. We come across paintings that have been … Continue reading Paper paintings and mounting issues

namitajaspal1 Comment
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation

Issues in old books and traditional re-binding

When the pages have turned very brittle and there are tears, lost areas and old repairs with incompatible and damaging materials, it is not that simple to mend and rebind a book with traditional sewing technique.   Some binding procedures that cannot be performed properly or at all are:  We cannot trim the edges. We can not round the spine. Using needle on a brittle … Continue reading Issues in old books and traditional re-binding

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Sticky post
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation

Sellotape: How it deteriorates and changes with time

What is sellotape?  Sellotape is basically a brand of transparent, polypropylene-based, pressure-sensitive tape. But, this term is also used for any such pressure sensitive tape of any brand. Sellotape is generally used for joining, sealing, attaching and mending. The older version of sellotape has shown some changes in its physical and chemical properties over a longer period of time due to ageing. Initially such tapes … Continue reading Sellotape: How it deteriorates and changes with time

namitajaspal1 Comment
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation, Paper and book conservation

Paper and book conservation – Part 8

Once the old damaged binding was opened and stuck up pages of the books (to be treated) were separated/opened-up and the torn pages mended, the information in the books was digitally preserved. This digitization process was done before re-binding because it would have been difficult and damaging to digitize them in bound state. It is always easier to digitize in a flat state. Continue reading Paper and book conservation – Part 8

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation

Paper and book conservation – Part 2

Two major problems associated with old paper manufactured during mid nineteenth century onward are: Brittleness Yellowing or darkening Breaking of paper due to brittleness (loss of flexibility to bend without breaking) generally occurs in very old paper which was manufactured from wood pulp technology. Other feature found in such old paper getting brittle, is yellowing or browning. Paper becomes acidic either by absorbing pollutants such … Continue reading Paper and book conservation – Part 2

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation

Paper and book conservation- Part 1

To understand and master paper conservation, one must understand the composition and manufacturing of paper. The composition of paper and raw material in its making has varied since its invention in 105 AD in China. The timeline of paper manufacturing technique and composition as understood from various sources is as follows: The invention of paper by T’sai Lun, a member of Imperial Guard and Privy … Continue reading Paper and book conservation- Part 1

namitajaspalLeave a comment
Sticky post
Archival Conservation, Heritage Conservation

Humidification to relax stiff old documents

Humidity relaxes the paper stiffness. This relaxation is important for flattening paper that is out of shape because of folds creases etc. But, there are some questions and doubts about humidifying in the right way: How to humidify without causing a shocking reaction to the paper which has been in dry environment for ages? What might happen wrong when we humidify a very large paper … Continue reading Humidification to relax stiff old documents

namitajaspalLeave a comment